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How to Prevent Running Injuries – Part 2

In part 1, I explained the importance of listening to your body when running.  I know want to build on this and focus on specific actions you can take. Flexibility The natural stress-recovery cycle of running can cause the muscle fibers to knot up and stick together, limiting their function and leaving you more susceptible to injury.  Breaking down these adhesions increases the muscles mobility which allows it to properly contract and lengthen.  Sports or Deep Tissue massage can break down any adhesions or you can use a foam roller. Strength When a strong body runs, the brain tells the muscles to brace for impact before the foot hits the ground.  The glutes and core contract to steady the pelvis and leg, and the foot and ankle muscles are activated to provide a solid foundation to land upon.  If there was one muscle group I would encourage you to target it is to strengthen your glutes.  The one leg squat is ideal for this. Shoes Please don't choose running shoes based on the brand.  The best running shoes for you tend to be the ones that fit your feet the best and are most suitable for the terrain on which you run.   For example, people with flat feet are best with motion control shoes while people like me with rigid, high arches need extra cushioning.  Remember a pair of running shoes should be worn for no longer than approximately 400 miles.

Can Yoga help if you have fibromyalgia?

We all struggle to get our heads around things from time to time.  For me I find it hard to imagine living with Fibromyalgia, the constant pain, which moves around the body and the tiredness.  In addition to the physical symptoms there is the additional mental strain of living with a chronic condition that is has no visible signs and can change from day to day. A pilot study recruited 22 women who had been diagnosed with Fibromyalgia to participate in a 75 minute yoga class twice weekly for eight weeks.  Questionnaires were used to track pain, anxiety and depression they were completed pre, mid and post intervention.  In addition salivary cortisol samples were taken three times a day pre and post intervention. The results indicate that a "yoga intervention" may

  • Reduce pain
  • Reduce catastrophising
  • Increase acceptance
  • Increase mindfulness
  • Alter total cortisol levels
Reference Curtis K, Osadchuk A and Katz J (2011) An eight week yoga intervention is associated with improvements in pain, psychological functioning and mindfulness and changes in cortisol levels in women with Fibromyalgia.  Journal of Pain Research 4: 189-201  

What causes muscle cramps?

Unfortunately no one totally understands what causes muscle cramps. Most authorities agree that in skeletal muscles they are frequently caused by the hyper-excitability of the nerves that stimulate muscles. Rather than thinking of a single cause of muscle cramps, I find it more helpful to think in terms of risk factors. A field study of 433 Ironman triathletes suggest that those so cramped had exercised harder than usual, had a family history of cramping and had previous tension or ligament damage. Because muscle cramps often occur due to muscle fatigue the problem may be related to nerve malfunction creates an imbalance between muscle excitation and inhibition which prevents the muscle from relaxing. (see Schwellnus et al 2004). In summary although muscle cramps are likely to be related to overexertion there are other contribution factors. References Shang G, Collins M and Schwellnus M (2001). Factors associated with self-reported history of exercise associated muscle cramps in Ironman Triathletes: A case-control study, The Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine 21(3): p204-210 Schwellnus MP, Nicol J, Laubscher R et al (2004). Serum electrolyte concentrations and hydration status are not associated with exercise associated muscle cramping in distance runners, British Journal of Sports Medicine 38(4): p488-492

How to prevent Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness?

If your training was effective, you should feel some soreness the next day, and for two days at the most. If the second day is significantly worse than the first, and your soreness lasts into a 3rd day or beyond, you have what they call delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS), and it’s a sign that you trained too hard for you.  There are no hard and fast rules on what is too hard as DOMS varies from individual to individual. So now I want to talk about how to prevent Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness.

  1. Anti-Inflamatories
As DOMS is created as a result of inflamation, in the past it was considered a good idea for those susceptible to DOMS to take anti-inflamatories e.g. ibiprofen.  However the downside of this approach is that anti-inflmatories reduce muscle growth and excessive use can damage your liver.  Hence this approach has fallen out of favour.

2. Static Stretching

As its not that beneficial to stretch cold muscles, start with a gentle warm up to wam up your muscles.  So both your joints and muscls are prepared and get the most benefits from stretching.

3. Constrast Showering

Ideally after stretching, jump in the shower and give yourself around of contrast hydrotherapy by alternating the temperature between hot and cold every two minutes. The contrast effect has definitely proven to be effective for reducing soreness and restoring muscle performance more quickly when its used the day after the workout, and any other day that a muscle is sore.

4. Warm Up

Ensuring that you warm up before exercising by lightly working the same muscles that you are going to train can go a long way to reducing DOMS and injuries. References Vaile JM, Gill ND, Blazevich AJ. The effect of contrast water therapy on symptoms of delayed onset muscle soreness. J Strength Cond Res. 2007 Aug;21(3):697-702.    

Yet more how to chill out…

So in the past I have talked about how any activity can help you chill out as long as you enjoy it and it absorbs you including video games.  But what about Origami? The ancient Japanese art of Origami has recently seen a surge in popularity due to the fact it can be done any-time, anywhere, with materials that are often to hand in stressful environments such as schools and offices. It may seem complicated, but thanks to YouTube, and online course platforms like Udemy, anyone can make learn to make simple creations from table decorations to paper aeroplanes without spending a fortune on expensive tools or equipment. According to paper folding guru Himanshsu Agrawal (who has five world records to his name- including the creation of a 44 foot human being and a 105 foot dinosaur!): “Origami is inherently geometric; as you fold from one end to the other, the movement becomes rhythmic. It soon feels like you are detached from the world.” The act of folding paper has been shown time and again to help decrease anxiety and increase feelings of inner calm. The beautiful film “Between the folds” takes a deeper look at the art of paper folding and it’s many benefits for health and its a good place to get more information.

Why does delayed onsite muscle soreness vary so much?

In my previous article, I explained what delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is. So does DOMS mean my workouts are more productive?   You don't need to experience DOMS to know your work outs are productive or building muscle.  The reason is that although DOMS is general indicator of the degree of muscle tissue damage it various significantly from person to person and therefore it is not a reliable indicator. So why does DOMS vary so much? The short answer is because no two bodies are identical, just like our personalities our bodies are unique. Below is a list of the factors that influence this variation:

  1. Athletic condition, age & the muscle system
  2. Structural damage to muscle tissue and tendons
  3. Inflammatory response
The young are more susceptible to DOMS because their bodies as not yet developed enough to handle intense workouts.  While the old are more susceptible because of the hormonal changes associated with ageing and the decreased recover rate.  Structural damage to muscle tissue and tendons contributes to the body's inflammatory response.  This inflammatory response created swelling and pain. References Brad J Schoenfeld & B Conteras, 2013, Is post exercise muscle soreness a valid indicator of muscular adaptions?, Journal of Strengthening & Conditioning Research, vol 35, (5) pp16-21

Do you have tight hips? – Part 2

I know many of my clients sit at a desk for very long hours which can lead to tight hips.  So in this post I want to show you how to stretch them.

How to stretch your hips

Single knee hugging Lying on your back, grab your right knee and pull it toward your chest until you feel a stretch. Hold for 20 seconds. Repeat on the left side. Bilateral knee hugging Lying on your back, grab both knees and pull them toward your chest. Hold for 20 seconds. "Cobra pose" Lie face down on the floor, hands parallel to your shoulders. Straighten your arms, lifting your upper torso off the floor. Your lower back should be arched, with your pelvis making contact with the floor. Hold for 20 seconds, then lower yourself back down Hip flexion with abduction/adduction Lying on your back, bring one knee up toward your chest. Holding your knee with both hands, roll your knee from one side to the other for 20 seconds. Repeat on the other side. External hip rotation Lying on your back, pull your right knee toward your chest. Place your right hand on the knee and your left hand on the ankle. Gently pull your right ankle in the direction of your head. Hold for 30 seconds, then repeat on your left leg. Internal hip rotation Lying face down, bend your knees 90 degrees and let your feet fall outward. Hold for 30 seconds. If after trying these stretches you are still strugling with tight hips why not book a deep tissue massage.

An alternative way to do simple mindfulness (Part 2)

Following on from part 1, I want to introduce you to more ways to do simple mindfulness. 1. Tuning into sounds The hum of a gan, tickeing of a cloack, the round of rain on the window, voices outside the room.  Realing tuning in ot hte volume, pitch and noticing if there's a rthythmic quality to the sound. 2. Experimenting with taste Using a small pleasant tasting boiled sweet, chocolate melting int he mouth or taking a few sips of water.  Noticing the flavour, physical sensations and returning the attention when it wanders. 3. Smell Simply light a scented candle where your like the smell or inhale the sent of your favourite essential oil by placing a drop on a tissue. 4. Hold an object in your hands A pebble, wooden bead pen, cup etc any everyday object.  Focus your attention in to notice the temperature, the texture (roughness/smoothness), the shape and how it feels.  Experiment with your eyes start with open and then notice the difference if you close your eyes. Remember mindfulness is about training the mind, so you don't need to use breath as your anchor be creative, be kind to yourself and start simple with 30 seconds and build up the time slowly and gradually - its a practice not a race!  

How to treat heartburn naturally – part 2

In my last blog post, I shared some tips on natural way to trear hearburn, below are more tips: 1. Raw Apple Cider Vinegar Because acid reflux actually occurs due to having very small amounts of acid in your stomach,  raw apple cider vinegar may actually help keep it from occurring. Simply dissolve a tablespoon of it in a glass of water and drink it to improve your acid levels.  However, more research still needs to be done on this. One study found that apple cider vinegar alleviated heartburn symptoms for some individuals, but the effects only lasted between 60 and 75 minutes. 2. Ginger Tea  If you know that you're going to be consuming a huge meal, it may be helpful if you drink a cup of ginger tea at least 20 minutes before you start eating. Simply steep a 2-inch piece of ginger root in two cups of boiling water for five minutes, and then drink. Ginger not only has an anti-inflammatory effect, but also tightens your lower esophageal sphincter, thus preventing acid from refluxing. 3. Papaya A study found that the enzyme papain may help promote better digestion, providing positive effects for people with heartburn, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and constipation References https://repository.asu.edu/attachments/166181/content/Yeh_asu_0010N_15671.pdf https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21990307 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20420113 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23524622  

Using Positive Psychology to boost Resilience – Part 1

Sometimes in life we can get trapped, focusing on what we don't have rather that what we do have, which can lead to a state of anxiety and stress.  I know in the past, I have been guilty of believe my happiness will increase when I earn more, find my ideal man, get promoted at work (- obviously I am talking about before I was self-employed), have a bigger house.  The danger is when we get the promotion, pay rise, bigger house etc we immediately focus on the next goal and an increase in our happiness  is now dependent on our next goal. Growing up with mother who suffered from frequent bouts of depression which made her focus on the negativity, I have learned the importance of focusing on the positive.  Now their may be some people reading this, saying that is all well and good for you, but isn't that burying your head in the sand when your have problems.  The short answer to this is no.  It is important to acknowledge your problems & difficulties but rather than focus on life’s BS and pain, focus on what is going right.  At the same time remember that what ever isn't working in your life right now, will pass!  

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