How to prevent muscle cramps?

I know previously I have discussed how to minimise the risk factors associate with muscle cramps including during pregnancy.

Exercise Related Muscle Cramps

May occur during, after or in some case many hours after vigorous activity.  In addition to minimising the risk factors I have previously documented you need to ensure you

  1. Don’t exercise when injured – cramps can occur as a protective mechanism following an injury.
  2. Warm up thoroughly
  3. Stretch before and after exercise
  4. Cool down properly
  5. Don’t over do it – their is a clear correlation between muscle fatigue and cramps.  In addition if you suddenly place a huge physical demand on the body (e.g. a late spurt to win the race) that it is not used to, your body can react by contracting all the muscle and creating cramps.  So remember to follow a suitable training program before entering that competition!

Rest Cramps

Night cramps and other rest cramps can often be prevented by regular stretching exercises particularly before going to bed.  The most common night cramps are in the calf muscles, to stretch this muscle

  1. Stand about 2 or 2.5 feet away from a wall.  Lean into the wall to place the forearms against the wall with the knees and back straight and the heels in contact with the floor. Hold for 10 to 15 seconds and repeat three times before going to bed.
  2. In bed while lying down, you can try flexing the ankle by pulling the toes up toward the head with the leg as straight as possible.

Related Posts

  • Headaches – Introduction

    Headaches are one of the most common complaints. Yet despite this, the precise mechanism and cause of certain types of headache remains unclear. The three main types of headache are

    • Tension
    • Migraines
    • Cluster
    Tension headaches – are characterised by constant pressure or tightness that affects both sides of the head accompanied by contraction of the neck muscles. They are the most common type of headache. The exact cause is unclear, but tension headaches have been linked to things such as stress, poor posture, skipping meals and dehydration. Migraines – are typically characterised by a throbbing or pulsating pain. In addition you feel worse for physical activity and there often additional symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, increased sensitivity to light, sound and/or smells. Cluster Headaches – are characterised by being very severe but generally lasting less than one hour. One characteristic of cluster headaches is that the pain is often centred on the eye, which may water.   They are called cluster headaches because they can occur up to eight times in one day, for a few weeks or up to two months. Their cause is unknown but there is subjective evidence to suggest the triggers may include alcohol, strong smelling substances or extreme rise in temperatures. Identifying which type of headache you have can be very difficult as tension headaches and migraines share many of the same traits. Treating and preventing headaches depends on the individual and type of headache. It is often advisable to keep a diary in order to identify which type of headache(s), they experience and if there are specific triggers that can be avoided.

  • So how does massage reduce pain? – Part 2

    Previously I explained the scientific theory for  "How does massage reduce muscle pain?" in the short term .  But what about the long term? I would like to introduce to you the "descending pain suppression mechanism." The brain is not a passive receiver of sensory messages, but rather a centre that interprets them and makes constant adjustments accordingly. For example, everyone knows that the way you perceive pain will be influenced by whether you focus on it or think of something else instead. And it seems reasonable to suppose that evolutionary selection may have favoured those individuals who could ignore pain signals for long enough to take actions that let them escape and survive danger.

    Unpleasant cutaneous sensations stimulate nuclei within the mid brain.  These nuclei in turn initiate activity in the descending spinal tracts that release endogenous opiates (inhibitory neurotransmitters) within the spinal segment receiving the painful input.  This diminishes the intensity of the pain transmitted to the higher centres. Sports and Deep Tissue massage techniques can reinforce a naturally occurring discomfort, causing much greater release of opiates and achieve a more profound pain suppression.

    References Basbaum A, Fields H.  (1978) Endogenous pain control mechanisms: review and hypothesis.  Ann Neurol 4: 451-2. Watson J (1982) Pain mechanisms: a review.  3. Endogenous pain mechanisms.  Australian Journal of Physiotherapy 27: 135-43

  • Difference Between Sports and Deep Tissue Massage

    • Seated Acupressure Neck & Shoulder massage is a short focused massage to release tension in the Neck & Shoulders
    • Choose Sports massage over deep tissue massage when you go to the gym with a specific sporting goal in mind, i.e. you are going for more than just generally keeping fit.  Or you are really focused on your sport including actively taking part in competitions or you are keen to improve your performance or your training is solely focused on your sport and you do not cross train.
    Sports Massage Deep Tissue Massage
    Incorporates Deep Pressure Yes Yes
    Similar massage stokes Yes Yes
    Releases muscle tension, pain, physical stress and stiffness while restoring flexibility Yes Yes
    Able to resolve common injuries and woes for inactive, desk bound people Yes Yes
    Incorporates a custom blend of oils and hot stones to relieve tension and anxiety No Yes
    Athlete orientated including -      Focus on improving athletic performance -      Incorporates stretching -      Assessing injury risk -      Rehabilitation after injury Yes No
    Knowledge of sport -     Able to deliver specific pre-exercise treatment for any given sport -     Able to deliver specific post-exercise treatment for any given sport -     Able to deliver specific treatment during intense training for any given sport Yes No