What can help depression during pregnancy?

I will start with a confession.  While I know the benefits of hydotherapy - basically you take a hot shower for 30 seconds then switch to freezing cold for 30 seconds, then go back to hot and repeat for 2 or 3 minutes - it has never appealed to me.  It may be fantastic for blood flow and good for your liver, but to me it seems brutal!  So in the past, I have only spent a few short minutes in a sauna and I have never been tempted to jump into the ice cold plunge pool afterwards - despite my finnish friends telling me how fantastic it is. So I was interested in the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study which looked at if frequent use of a sauna has reduces the risk of high BP.  The study looked at 1,621 middle-aged men living in eastern Finland.  The study found that

• Going to the sauna 4 to 7 times per week reduces your risk of develping High BP by 46%.
• Going to the sauna 2 to 3 times per week reduces your risk of develpoing High BP by 24%.

So my Finnish friends who rave about going to the sauna are wise, going regularly helps to keep your BP  in check. References F Zaccardi, T Laukkanen, P Willeit et al, Sauna Bathing and Incident Hypertension: A Prospective Cohort Study, American Journal of Hypertension, Volume 30, Issue 11, 1 November 2017, Pages 1120–1125, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajh/hpx102

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble, hormone-like vitamin, which means body fat acts as a "sink" by collecting it. If you're overweight or obese, you're therefore likely going to need more vitamin D than a slimmer person -- and the same holds true for people with higher body weights due to muscle mass i.e. amateur and professional athletes. It is common knowledge that obesity and physical inactivity can lead to type 2 diabetes.  But what about your impact does your levels of Vitamin D have?. The Endocrine Society, published details of a study that looked at the vitamin D levels of 118 people with a wide range of weights (from slim to morbidly obese) while taking into account whether they had diabetes.   According to the researchers people who have low levels of vitamin D are more likely to have diabetes, regardless of how much they weighed.  The researches concluded that vitamin D is associated more closely with glucose metabolism (and hence your chance of getting diabetes) than obesity! One Indian study found that vitamin D and calcium supplementation, in combination with exercise, can prevent pre-diabetes from progressing into type 2 diabetes. The study found that for every unit increase in vitamin D levels, the risk of progression to diabetes in people with pre-diabetes went down by 8 percent. In 2013 Taleai, Mohamdi and Adgi found that type 2 diabetics given 50,000 IUs of oral vitamin D3 per week for eight weeks experienced "a meaningful reduction" in fasting plasma glucose and insulin. Other research showing this link includes but is not limited to the following:

• One study involving nearly 5,680 individuals with impaired glucose tolerance showed that vitamin D supplementation increased insulin sensitivity by 54 percent (see https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9516221?dopt=Abstract)
• The mechanisms by which vitamin D reduces insulin resistance include its effect on calcium and phosphorus metabolism and by up regulating the insulin receptor gene (see >> http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cbf.951/abstract)

In 2016 scientists studied 23 children with type 1 diabetes to understand the  association between type 1 diabetes control and vitamin D deficiency.  The team found those children with healthy weight had a high incidence of low levels of vitamin D, especially if they were Caucasians. In particular, they found children who were not normally considered to be at risk for low levels of vitamin D had low levels. The researchers recommending monitoring the vitamin D levels of all children with type 1 diabetes.   Research Endocrine Society study see>> https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2015-02/tes-vdd021815.php Indian Study reported in Nephrology 22 June 2014 see>> http://www.nephrologynews.com/raising-low-vitamin-d-levels-lowers-risk-of-prediabetes-progressing-to-diabetes-in-study/  2013 study see >> https://dmsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1758-5996-5-8 2016 study see >> http://www.hcplive.com/medical-news/children-with-diabetes-may-lack-vitamin-d

With a 50% chance of a cancer diagnosis and a 50% chance of surviving cancer, cancer will touch all our lives. Cancer Research statistics

• 1 in 2 people born after 1960 in the UK will be diagnosed with some form of cancer during their lifetime.
• 50% survive cancer for 10 or more years.

While cancer survival rates are on the way up, unfortunately people still die of cancer. I want to share the details of a small randomised control trial of reflexology for cancer patients during the end of life stage of cancer.  The study showed reflexology improved the quality of life for patients in 16 areas,  the greatest improvements were in:

1. appetite
2. breathing
3. constipation & diarrhea
4. fears of the future
5. pain
6. nausea
7. sleep
8. communication
9. tiredness

Urination & mood improved equally in the patients in the group receive reflexology and the placebo group who received a foot massage. This study shows reflexology can be helpful in improving quality of life for cancer patients during the difficult end of life stage. Reference: Hodgeson, N.  Nursing Standard - London, 14(31), pp. 33–38.