Can you prevent rheumatoid arthritis?
People in the UK are low in vitamin D because of the weakness of the sunlight and the short summers. In addition there is greater concern in the UK about getting skin cancer from sunbathing or being out in the sun. Almost every rheumatoid arthritis sufferer has low levels of vitamin D and this is likely to be true for people with other inflammatory diseases too.
Sunshine isn’t the only source of vitamin D. Some foods such as eggs, oily fish such as sardines and salmon are rich in vitamin D too. Reserachers from the university of brimingham are the lastest to report in the importance of vitamin D. In a series of tests, they discovered that the immune cells of rheumatoid arthritis pateients could still respond normally to vitamin D by supressing inflammatory signalling – if those cells were circulating in the blood, but the same cell type when localisec to the fluid around the arthricitc joints, showned no anti-inflamatory reaction to vitamin D. This is because arthritis leads to vitamin D insensitivity which means that cells no longer respond to it.
The research suggest that vitmain D therapy could still work on patients if they are given very high doeses, although standard suplements amy not. Prof Martin Hewison says that “almost everyone in the Uk has vitamin D deficiency”. High levels of vitamin D can help prevent inflamatory diseases including rheumatiod arthritis.
Reference
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0896841117304201
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So how does massage reduce pain? – Part 2
Previously I explained the scientific theory for "How does massage reduce muscle pain?" in the short term . But what about the long term? I would like to introduce to you the "descending pain suppression mechanism." The brain is not a passive receiver of sensory messages, but rather a centre that interprets them and makes constant adjustments accordingly. For example, everyone knows that the way you perceive pain will be influenced by whether you focus on it or think of something else instead. And it seems reasonable to suppose that evolutionary selection may have favoured those individuals who could ignore pain signals for long enough to take actions that let them escape and survive danger.
Unpleasant cutaneous sensations stimulate nuclei within the mid brain. These nuclei in turn initiate activity in the descending spinal tracts that release endogenous opiates (inhibitory neurotransmitters) within the spinal segment receiving the painful input. This diminishes the intensity of the pain transmitted to the higher centres. Sports and Deep Tissue massage techniques can reinforce a naturally occurring discomfort, causing much greater release of opiates and achieve a more profound pain suppression.
References Basbaum A, Fields H. (1978) Endogenous pain control mechanisms: review and hypothesis. Ann Neurol 4: 451-2. Watson J (1982) Pain mechanisms: a review. 3. Endogenous pain mechanisms. Australian Journal of Physiotherapy 27: 135-43



