What is the cause of the low mangesium epidemic?
Having identified that researchers believe there is an epedemic of low magnesium causes by our diets and lifestyles. So what is it we are doing that is the cause of the low magnesium epedmic.
1. Sweet foods
Refined sugar found in pastries, cakes, desserts, sweets etc contains no magnesium and causes the body to excrete magnesium.
2. Physical and emotional stress
Physcial stress e.g. surgery and emotional stress e.g. moving house, grief can cause a magnesium deficiency. In studies, adrenaline and cortisol by products of the “fight or flight” stress reaction assoicated with stress and anxeity were associated with decreated magnesium. This is because stressful situations require more magnesium use by the body which can lead to a deficiency. A lack of magnesium tends to magnify the stress reaction, worsening the problem.
3. Medication
The effects of certain drugs
- Diuretics
- Heart medications
- Asthma medications
- Birth control pills
- Estrogen replacement therapy
have been shown to reduce mangesium levles in the body be increasing the loss through excretion by the kidneys.
References
Dean C. The Magnesium Miracle. New York: Ballantine Books; 2007.
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Running & Running Injuries
In the UK around 10.5 million people run or jog as a leisure activity and or fitness activity. Running injuries are common and may variables can contribute. Running injuries can happen to both experienced and inexperienced runners - up to 79% of runners with get injured in any one year. Most running injuries occur in the lower extremities as you would expect. With the knee being the most common injured site followed by the lower leg, foot and upper leg. The top five injuries are:
- Patellofemoral pain - generic term for describe pain at the front and around the knee cap.
- Illiotibial band (ITB) syndrome - pain on the outside of the knee.
- Tibial stress fractures/syndrome - fatigue induced stress fracture.
- Plantar fasciitis - pain in the heel or bottom of the foot.
- Achilles tendonitis - pain, swelling and stiffness of the achilles tendon.

So how does massage reduce pain? – Part 1
I said in a previous post that scientists are interested in finding out how massage works. So if we accept that massage reduces muscle pain, that leaves the question, "How does massage reduce muscle pain?". In 1965, Ronald Melzack and Patrick Wall outlined a scientific theory about psychological influence on pain perception; the ‘gate control theory’. According to the gate control theory, pain signals are not free to reach the brain as soon as they are generated at the injured tissues or sites. They need to encounter certain ‘neurological gates’ at the spinal cord level and these gates determine whether the pain signals should reach the brain or not. In other words, pain is perceived when the gate gives way to the pain signals and it is less intense or not at all perceived when the gate closes for the signals to pass through. Cutaneous mechano-receptors are stimulated by touch (massage) and transmit information within large never fibres to the spinal cord. These impulses block the passage of painful stimuli entering the same spinal segment along small, slowly conducting neurons. This theory gives the explanation for why someone finds relief by rubbing or massaging an injured or a painful area. For example, the pain gate theory explains "how" a child feels better after mum or dad intuitively rub their knee when they have fallen over. In summary massage produces short term pain relief by being a particularly effective trigger for the pain gate process. References Melzack R, & Wall PD (1965). Pain mechanisms: a new theory. Science (New York, N.Y.), 150 (3699), 971-9 Moayedi M, & Davis KD (2013). Theories of pain: from specificity to gate control. Journal of neurophysiology, 109 (1), 5-12 Jacobs M. (1960) Massage for the relief of pain: anatomical and physiological considerations. Physical Therapy Review, 40: 93-8 Melzack R, Wall PD. Pain mechanisms: a new theory. Science. 1965 Nov 19;150(3699):971–979. Wells PE, Frampton V, Bowsher D. (1988) Pain: Management and Control in Physiotherapy. Heinemann Medical. Chapter 13. Watson J. (1982) Pain mechanisms: a review. 1. Characteristics of the peripheral receptors. Australian Journal of Physiotherapy. 27:135-43

Shoulder flexibility exercises
There is scientific evidence these exercises help reduce Neck & Shoulder pain when combined with strenghtening and core exercises.


