What is a muscle cramp?

This week the press seem to be full of articles on sleep, ranging from recent research to the reasons why we lose sleep - the top reason being a heavy workload. I am sure that most people reading this blog post know that if they have a good night’s sleep they wake up feeling refreshed.  So the recent discovery by scientists from University of Wisconsin which shows sleep restores your brain will be of no surprise.  (For any geeks out there the research showed that sleep boosts myelin which is essential in the growth and repair of our brains.  The research also revealed that deep sleep doubles the rate of reproduction of some cells.)  While over in Stockholm researchers have discovered that people think sleep deprived individuals “look sad, unhealthy and unattractive”.   For anyone that is struggling to get a good night’s sleep knowing science has proved that they look as awful as they feel isn’t exactly helpful either!  So I wanted to share a few tips with you on getting a good night’s sleep.

• Try to go to bed and get up at the same time as bodies like routine and it will help you sleep better.
• Ensure your bedroom is quiet, dark, restful and the right temperature i.e. not to hot and not to cold. Remember it isn’t ideal to watch TV or work in your bedroom that includes trying to sleep while keeping one eye on your blackberry.
• Try to mentally and physically relax before going to bed by turning of the TV or computer and having a warm bath, listen to some relaxing music, read a book or simply sip a cup of Chamomile tea.
• Valerian is a dietary supplement that has been used since ancient times to help with a good nights sleep as it is known for combat insomnia and nervousness.
• While exercise is great to combat stress, exercising too close to bedtime can actually make it harder to sleep.
• It is best to avoid alcohol before your go to bed as for some people it will interrupt their sleep pattern later in the night.
• It is best to avoid coffee from later afternoon onwards as for some people it will keeps them awake.

In part 1, I explained the importance of listening to your body when running.  I know want to build on this and focus on specific actions you can take. Flexibility The natural stress-recovery cycle of running can cause the muscle fibers to knot up and stick together, limiting their function and leaving you more susceptible to injury.  Breaking down these adhesions increases the muscles mobility which allows it to properly contract and lengthen.  Sports or Deep Tissue massage can break down any adhesions or you can use a foam roller. Strength When a strong body runs, the brain tells the muscles to brace for impact before the foot hits the ground.  The glutes and core contract to steady the pelvis and leg, and the foot and ankle muscles are activated to provide a solid foundation to land upon.  If there was one muscle group I would encourage you to target it is to strengthen your glutes.  The one leg squat is ideal for this. Shoes Please don't choose running shoes based on the brand.  The best running shoes for you tend to be the ones that fit your feet the best and are most suitable for the terrain on which you run.   For example, people with flat feet are best with motion control shoes while people like me with rigid, high arches need extra cushioning.  Remember a pair of running shoes should be worn for no longer than approximately 400 miles.

I know that I often say that one of the benefits of massage is that it may reduce anxiety.  I think most people would agree that being in hospital or undergoing hospital procedures may makes us feel anxious.  So I was interested in a recent study that looked at the effectiveness of massage with or without guided imagery (a therapist talking you through a scene to help you relax), prior to cardiac catheterisation.  As you can imagine anxiety is very common in patients prior to cardiac catheterisation, which can lead to high blood pressure and increase the amount of sedation necessary to complete the procedure. Fifty five patients opted to receive either a 15-minute massage (31 patients) and a 20 minute guided imagery (24 patients) in a quiet area of the hospital prior to cardiac catheterisation.  Self-report anxiety levels, blood pressure and heart rate were evaluated in the research participants as well as matched for comparison to a control group not taking part in the study. The results indicated that massage, with or without guided imagery, produced significant reductions in self-reported anxiety, with the combined intervention having a more pronounced effect.  In addition a lower diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were found when compared to the control group. In my experience slow, deep stokes help to reduce anxiety and as a team we often incorporate this into treatments. References Amstrong K, Dixon S, May S, Patricolo GE (2014).  Anxiety reduction in patients undergoing cardiac catheterisation, following massage and guided imagery.  Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice 20 (4): 334 - 338.